These types of systems are characterized by stringent  
quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, such as low latency and jitter, 
expected in real-time and embedded systems, as well as high throughput, 
scalability, and reliability expected in enterprise distributed systems.  
Therefore, it is hard enough to satisfy these QoS properties independently 
and even harder to satisfy them in concert.
The need for systems that can automatically optimize and reconfigure
themselves in response to changing mission needs. 

Components are units of implementation and composition that contain
parameterizable executable code with quality of service (QoS) requirements
(such as maximum latency and minimum throughput values) and resource
consumption profiles (such as expected CPU and memory usage).
Component-based technologies are increasingly used in large-scale
distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems, where applications
can be viewed as groups of domain-related tasks that can be
implemented by parameterized and 
executable software components using component technologies, such as the
OMG's Lightweight CORBA Component Model(CCM), J2EE, and .NET.  Applications
generate workflow sequences, which are represented as {\em application
strings} with each task in the sequence being mapped onto a parameterized
and executable component.


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