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\section{Related Work}
\label{related}

\subsection{Cadena} Cadena~\cite{Hatcliff:03} is an integrated environment
developed at Kansas State University (KSU) for building and modeling
component-based systems, with the goal of applying static analysis,
model-checking, and lightweight formal methods to enhance these systems.
Cadena also provides a component assembly framework for visualizing and
developing components and their connections.  Unlike PICML, however, Cadena
does not support activities such as component packaging and generating
deployment descriptors, component deployment planning, and hierarchical
modeling of component assemblies. To develop a complete MDD environment
that seamlessly integrates component development and model checking
capabilities, we are working with KSU to integrate PICML with Cadena's
model checking tools, so we can accelerate the development and verification
of DRE systems.

\subsection{Kennedy Carter Modeling Tool-suite} Kennedy Carter~\cite{KC:04}
provides a solution called iUML, which uses the MDA approach to develop
systems using executable UML. iUML provides a full fledged modeling
framework as well as a model testing, debugging and execution
environment. iUML also provides a ready to use code generation framework so
that developers can translate the models using a proprietary code
generation framework. Like UML, iUML is also a generic framework and the
developers will have to customize the tool to create domain-specific
artifacts.  It is possible that Kennedy Carter will target DSMLs for
vertical domains which use this generic framework.

\subsection{Eclipse Modeling Framework} Eclipse Modeling
Framework(EMF)~\cite{EMF:03} is a modeling framework targeting the MDA
approach to MDD.  EMF uses MOF~\cite{MOF:03} as the underlying
meta-metamodel.  EMF supports specification of the models using XML
Metadata Interchange (XMI), annotated Java, and XML Schema.  EMF generates
Java code that allows a user to manipulate the elements in a model.  There
are efforts like Graphical Modeling Framework(GMF) which are currently
underway with the goal of adding capabilities for visual specification of
DSMLs just like GME.

\subsection{Microsoft DSL Tools} Microsoft has recently released a set of
tools with the goal of realizing the vision of {\em Software
  Factories}~\cite{Greenfield:04}.  Like PICML, the release includes a DSML
for building .NET based Web Services applications called Visual Studio for
Team Architects (VSTA), which provides tight integration with code, and
generates descriptors necessary for deploying these applications.
Microsoft is also developing another set of tools called the
domain-specific language (DSL) tools.  The DSL tools are like GME and EMF
and allow development of DSLs using a proprietary meta-metamodel.

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