% $Id: conclusions.tex 20825 2010-01-03 15:17:20Z gokhale $
\section{Concluding Remarks}
\label{sec:conclusions}
\vspace{-.07in}

This paper presented the causes for impediments to real-time and
reliable information dissemination in vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)
communication networks for intelligent transportation systems.  The
primary source of the impediments was a combination of physical
(\emph{e.g.}, vehicular speed, radio range) and cyber (\emph{e.g.},
behavior of protocols such as TCP, IP and 802.11 MAC) factors.  The
paper then outlined a CPS-based solution to overcome the uncovered
challenges.  Simulation was used to conduct the study and implement
the solution, which is available at \url{www.dre.vanderbilt.edu/~gokhale/ITS.zip}.

% Andy, I recommend you rephrase this stuff as ``lessons learned,''
% both pros and cons.
% OK, Done
\noindent\textbf{Lessons Learned:}
\begin{BulletList}
  \item The work presented focuses only on the V2I aspect of ITS.  A
  general ITS solution should comprise both V2V and V2I, which is the
  focus of our future work.
\iffalse
%% save space
  It
  is necessary to leverage vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications so
  that the RSUs do not become the bottleneck while at the same time
  provide an opportunity for redundant communication paths and improve
  the reliability.
\fi

\iffalse
% Save space
  \item Simulating wireless channels is complex and existing
  simulation frameworks make simplified assumptions about the wireless
  channel and signal propagation.  As a result it is hard to obtain
  highly accurate insights. 
\fi

  \item Real-world vehicular traffic traces are needed to obtain
  accurate behavior, however, simulators like OMNeT++ are not geared
  for traffic engineering.  Our current work is using the SUMO traffic
  simulator and using its TRaCI facility to create a bridge between
  the SUMO and OMNeT++ simulators.

  \item Real testbeds for ITS are needed for real data and test
  solutions but such testbeds are not readily available.  We are
  setting up a miniature testbed using a combination of
  wireless routers serving as RSUs and netbooks serving as the
  in-vehicle computers.
\end{BulletList}

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