% $Id: relwork.tex,v 1.4 2005/12/09 05:20:47 gokhale Exp $

\section{Related Work}
\label{sec:relwork}

% Swapna, could you please add a few sentences based on the paper Das
% forwarded us and the DOA best paper award. Say soemthing more about
% the Ramani work. Anything you can find out on colored petri nets
% will also be useful. I shall add stuff on MDD as applied to other
% things - ASG

Performance and dependability analysis of some middleware 
services and patterns has been addressed by some researchers. 
Ramani {\em et al.}~\cite{ramani00}
develop a SRN model for the performance analysis of CORBA event service,
which is a pattern that provides publish/\-subscribe service.
Aldred {\em et al.}~\cite{aldred05} develop Colored Petri Net
(CPN) models for different types of coupling between the application 
components and with the underlying middleware.  They also define the
composition rules for composing the CPN models if multiple types of
coupling is used simultaneously in an application.  A dominant aspect
of these works are related to application-specific performance
modeling.  In contrast we are concerned with determining how the
underlying middleware that is composed for the systems they host will
perform. 

With the growing complexity of component-based systems, composing 
system-level performance and dependability attributes using the component
attributes and system architecture is gaining attention.  Crnkovic
{\em et al.}~\cite{crnkovic05} classify the quality attributes 
according to the possibility of predicting the attributes of the
compositions based on the attributes of the components and the 
influence of other factors such as the architecture and the 
environment.  However, they do not propose any methods for composing 
the system-level attributes. 

%JGG: Perhaps the following paragraph could go near the end.

At the model-driven development and program transformation level, 
the work by Shen and Petriu~\cite{Petriu_MODELS05} investigated the use
of aspect-oriented modeling techniques to address performance concerns
that are weaved into a primary UML model of functional behavior.  It has 
been observed that an improved separation of the performance description
from the core behavior enables various design alternatives to be considerd
more readily (i.e., after separation, a specific peformance concern can be
represented as a variability measure that can be modified to examine the
overall systemic effect).  The performance concerns are specified in the 
UML profile for Schedulability, Performance, and Time (SPT) with underlying 
analysis performed by a Layered Queueing Network (LQN) solver.  

A disadvantage of the approach is that UML forces a specific modeling
language.  The SPT profiles also forces performance concerns to be
specified in a manner than limits the ability to be tailored to a
specific performance analysis methodology.  As an alternative,
domain-specific modeling supports the ability to provide a model
engineer with a notation that fits the domain of interest, which
improves the level of abstraction of the performance modeling
process.  Our work falls in the category of developing domain-specific
models. 



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